Laser quenching: ib qho kev tsim kho tshiab los npog lub cev yob nrog cov cuab yeej tawv
Hauv kev tsim khoom lag luam niaj hnub no, cov khoom siv dov xws li cov dov dov, cov dov xa khoom, thiab cov thoob dej qhuav ua lub hauv paus tseem ceeb ntawm cov kab ntau lawm. Cov khoom no tiv taus kev kub ntxhov tas li, kev sib txhuam hnyav, kub siab, thiab ib puag ncig corrosive. Qhov zoo ntawm cov khoom no txiav txim siab ncaj qha rau kev ua haujlwm zoo ntawm kev tsim khoom, qhov zoo ntawm cov khoom, thiab lub neej ua haujlwm. Cov txheej txheem tawv tawv ib txwm muaj xws li nplaim taws quenching thiab induction hardening, thaum siv dav, feem ntau raug teeb meem suav nrog kev hloov pauv loj, kev faib khoom tsis sib xws, thiab kev siv hluav taws xob ntau dhau. Kev tshwm sim ntawm cov thev naus laus zis laser quenching tau tshwm sim ua qhov kev hloov pauv loj, hloov pauv kev txhim kho ntawm cov dov nto los ntawm nws cov txiaj ntsig tshwj xeeb ntawm kev raug siab, kev hloov pauv tsawg kawg nkaus, thiab kev ua haujlwm zoo dua.
I. Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus: Kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm lub zog thiab cov khoom tam sim ntawd
Kev siv laser quenching, tseem hu ua laser phase-change hardening, yog ib qho txheej txheem ua kom lub ntsej muag muaj zog uas siv cov teeb laser muaj zog heev ua cov khoom siv cua sov kom ua kom cov ntsej muag ua haujlwm sov sai sai tom qab ntawd ua rau nws tus kheej txias. Thaum siv rau lub cev roller, lub hauv paus ntsiab lus tuaj yeem faib ua peb kauj ruam:
1. Kev Txhaj Tshuaj Zog Tseeb: Lub teeb laser (feem ntau CO2 lossis fiber laser) tsom mus rau lub tshuab kho qhov muag tsim ib qho chaw muaj zog heev, ua haujlwm zoo li "txhuam khawv koob" uas tsis pom uas luam theej lub ntsej muag ntawm lub roller. Hauv milliseconds mus rau vib nas this, lub zog ntawm lub laser raug nqus los ntawm cov hlau txheej ntawm lub roller, ua rau nws qhov kub nce siab dua 10,000 ° C ib ob. Qhov kub ceev no dhau qhov chaw hloov pauv tseem ceeb (Ac3), hloov cov khoom siv mus rau hauv cov qauv austenitic. Vim yog lub sijhawm luv luv, cua sov tsis tuaj yeem nkag mus rau hauv cov khaubncaws sab nraud povtseg tob dua, ua rau tsuas yog ib txheej nyias nyias (feem ntau 0.1-1.5 hli) raug cua sov thaum lub plawv tseem nyob ntawm qhov kub qis.
2. Kev Hloov Pauv Tam Sim Ntawd: Thaum lub teeb laser raug tshem tawm, cov txheej txheem cua sov yuav tsum nres tam sim ntawd. Qhov kub thiab txias uas tshwm sim ua rau muaj kev hloov pauv cua sov sai sai los ntawm qhov chaw mus rau qhov kub qis, ua tiav qhov txias ntawm 10⁴-10⁶°C/s. Qhov kev ua kom txias sai no tiv thaiv austenite los ntawm kev tsim cov carbides, hloov chaw hloov nws mus rau hauv cov qauv martensitic zoo heev. Raws li ib qho ntawm cov qauv nyuaj tshaj plaws thiab tiv taus hnav tshaj plaws hauv cov ntaub ntawv hlau, martensite piav qhia txog qhov kev txhim kho qhov nyuaj ntawm qhov chaw ua tiav los ntawm kev quenching laser.
3. Tus Qauv "Kev Rigidity Sab Nraud thiab Internal Resilience": Thaum kawg, lub cev roller ua tiav qhov kev teeb tsa zoo tagnrho. Nws qhov chaw muaj ib txheej martensitic uas tawv thiab muaj zog dua 15% -20% dua li cov hlau quenched ib txwm muaj, thaum lub plawv tseem khaws nws cov tawv thiab lub zog zoo qub. Tus qauv "sab nraud thiab sab hauv resilience" tshwj xeeb no ua rau lub roller tiv taus kev hnav hnyav thiab nyiaj tau cov khoom hnyav, tiv taus kev pheej hmoo tawg tag nrho.
II. Txheej Txheem: Kev ua haujlwm ntse
Kev siv cov thev naus laus zis laser quenching rau lub cev loj loj tsis yog kev siv hluav taws xob yooj yim, tab sis yog kev tsim kho qhov system precision uas koom ua ke lub teeb, tshuab thiab hluav taws xob. Cov txheej txheem tseem ceeb yog raws li nram no:
1. Kev kho ua ntej: Kev ntxuav thiab kev txhim kho kom nqus tau lub teeb: Lub cev dov yuav tsum tau ua kev kho ua ntej ua ntej quenching. Ua ntej, cov khoom tsis huv ntawm qhov chaw xws li cov roj av, cov txheej oxide, thiab cov khoom tsis huv raug tshem tawm kom huv si los ntawm kev xuab zeb lossis kev sib tsoo kom meej kom ntseeg tau tias qhov chaw huv thiab ci. Cov kauj ruam kawg tseem ceeb suav nrog kev siv cov txheej txheem tshwj xeeb uas nqus tau lub teeb. Muab qhov cuam tshuam siab ntawm qhov chaw hlau rau cov lasers wavelength tshwj xeeb, cov txheej txheem no txhim kho qhov ua tau zoo ntawm kev nqus lub zog laser (los ntawm tsawg dua 40% mus rau ntau dua 80%), kom ntseeg tau tias muaj kev hloov pauv cua sov zoo thiab sib xws.
2. Kev tswj cov txheej txheem: kev sau programming thiab kev luam theej kom raug:
Kev Npaj Txoj Kev: Raws li cov qauv geometric ntawm lub roller (piv txwv li, cylindrical lossis conical) thiab cov kev xav tau quenching (xws li cov qauv helical txuas ntxiv, cov qauv grid, lossis cov cheeb tsam zoo li strip), lub khoos phis tawj txhais ua ntej lub taub hau laser txoj kev txav mus los thiab qhov ceev ntawm kev sib hloov.
Kev Tswj Xyuas Qhov Tseeb: Cov txheej txheem tseem ceeb —— lub zog laser (P), qhov ceev scanning (V), thiab qhov loj ntawm qhov chaw (D) —— raug calibrated kom raug. Kev sib koom ua ke ntawm peb yam no (lub zog ceev ≈ P/(V·D)) ncaj qha txiav txim siab qhov tob thiab qhov nyuaj ntawm cov txheej tawv. Tag nrho cov txheej txheem raug ua tiav los ntawm lub kaw lus CNC, kom ntseeg tau tias muaj kev rov ua dua thiab kev sib xws tsis muaj qhov sib xws.
Kev Soj Ntsuam & Kev Tawm Tswv Yim Tam Sim No: Cov tshuab ua haujlwm siab heev tau nruab nrog cov khoom siv saib xyuas tam sim no xws li cov ntsuas kub infrared los taug qab qhov kub ntawm lub pas dej uas yaj. Qhov no ua rau muaj kev hloov kho tam sim ntawd rau lub zog laser los ntawm cov txheej txheem tawm tswv yim, tiv thaiv kev kub hnyiab lossis yaj ntawm qhov chaw thaum tswj hwm qhov zoo ntawm kev tua hluav taws.
3. Tom qab kho: Kev tshuaj xyuas thiab kev ua kom sov: Tom qab quenching, tsuas yog so cov txheej txheem seem ntawm qhov chaw nrog dej lossis cawv. Kev kuaj qhov nyuaj, kev ntsuas qhov tob, thiab kev tshuaj xyuas metallographic ntawm cov chaw tawv yog cov txheej txheem tseem ceeb. Txawm hais tias laser quenching tsim kev ntxhov siab tsawg kawg nkaus, rau cov menyuam lub cev siab precision, qhov kub qis tempering yuav raug siv los tshem tawm cov kev ntxhov siab seem thiab ruaj khov cov khoom microstructural.
III. Cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev siv tshuab thiab kev cia siab rau kev siv dav dav
Piv nrog rau cov txheej txheem ib txwm muaj, laser quenching tau qhia txog qhov zoo dua hauv kev txhawb nqa yob:
Kev tswj hwm qhov tseeb: tuaj yeem ua tiav qhov kev quenching precision ntawm txhua qhov tob hauv 0.1-2.0 hli ntau yam, thiab xaiv qhov kev txhawb zog hauv zos ntawm cov chaw nyuaj xws li grooves thiab ntug.
Qhov kev hloov pauv me me heev: cov yam ntxwv ntawm "kev nkag me me ntawm cua sov thiab qhov ceev txias" ua rau qhov kev hloov pauv thermal ntawm qhov workpiece me me heev, thiab feem ntau, nws tuaj yeem sib sau ua ke ncaj qha tom qab quenching, tshem tawm kev ncaj ncaj kim thiab kev ua tiav theem ob.
Kev ua tau zoo heev: cov qauv martensite ultrafine tau txais muaj qhov nyuaj siab, hnav zoo thiab tiv taus corrosion, thiab lub neej ua haujlwm tuaj yeem ntev dua 1-3 zaug.
Ntsuab thiab ua haujlwm tau zoo: tsis tas yuav tsum tau siv cov khoom siv tua hluav taws (dej, roj), tsis muaj kuab paug; kev siv hluav taws xob tsawg, qib siab ntawm kev siv tshuab, ua raws li lub tswv yim ntawm kev tsim khoom ntsuab niaj hnub.
Cov thev naus laus zis laser quenching tam sim no tau siv dav hauv ntau yam lag luam, suav nrog cov chaw dov hlau, cov ntawv tsim cov menyuam calendering, cov txheej txheem luam ntawv thiab zas xim, nrog rau cov khoom tseem ceeb ntawm cov menyuam hauv cov yas thiab roj hmab. Dhau li ntawm kev tsim cov khoom tshiab, cov txheej txheem tshiab no ci ntsa iab tshwj xeeb hauv kev kho dua tshiab thiab rov tsim dua cov menyuam. Nws ua rau lub neej tshiab rau cov menyuam laus uas yuav luag so haujlwm, tsim kom muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau kev lag luam los ntawm nws cov peev xwm hloov pauv.
IV. Xaus Lus
Cov thev naus laus zis laser quenching, los ntawm nws txoj kev tswj hwm lub zog thiab cov ntaub ntawv meej, muab cov rollers kev lag luam nrog cov "armor" ruaj khov thiab muaj zog. Qhov kev tawg tshiab no tsis yog tsuas yog sawv cev rau kev nce qib tseem ceeb hauv kev tsim kho saum npoo av xwb tab sis kuj ua haujlwm ua lub cuab yeej muaj zog rau kev tsav tsheb hloov pauv ntawm kev tsim khoom mus rau qib siab, ntse, thiab tus phooj ywg ib puag ncig. Nrog rau kev txo qis ntawm cov nqi khoom siv laser thiab kev loj hlob ntawm cov txheej txheem tsim khoom, cov thev naus laus zis no yuav nkag mus rau txhua qhov ntawm kev tsim khoom lag luam, txuas ntxiv txhawb nqa kev ua kom muaj zog thiab kev ruaj khov ntawm cov txheej txheem "backbone" kev lag luam niaj hnub.