Laser cladding: qhov "kev tsim dua tshiab" ntawm cov khoom siv precision ntawm aero-engine
Cov cav aerospace, uas tau raug hu ua "lub pov haum loj" ntawm kev lag luam niaj hnub no, tau nyiaj dhau qhov kev cov nyom tsis tu ncua nrog lawv cov khoom tseem ceeb xws li cov hniav turbine siab thiab cov iav kis. Cov khoom tseem ceeb no yeej ib txwm tiv taus qhov kub thiab txias heev, kev nyuaj siab, thiab kev sib hloov ceev. Cov kab nrib pleb qeeb qeeb tshwm sim, cov hniav iav hnav thaum lub sijhawm sib txuas, thiab cov hniav hniav raug puas tsuaj los ntawm kev sib hloov ceev. Txawm hais tias zoo li me me, cov qhov tsis zoo me me no ua haujlwm zoo li "kev ua haujlwm tsis zoo ntawm lub cev" - ua rau kev ua haujlwm poob qis thiab kev siv roj ntau dua, thiab kev ua haujlwm tsis zoo thaum phem tshaj plaws. Kev saib xyuas "hloov" ib txwm ua pov thawj tias kim thiab siv sijhawm ntau, thaum kev nce ntawm cov thev naus laus zis laser cladding tam sim no muab kev daws teeb meem hloov pauv rau kev rov ua dua cov khoom no.
Laser cladding: precision oriented "cell transplantation"
Kev siv laser cladding tsis yog tsuas yog ib qho yooj yim "pleev xim" ntawm qhov chaw xwb - nws yog ib qho thev naus laus zis uas ua tiav kev sib txuas ntawm cov hlau ntawm qib molecular. Cov txheej txheem tseem ceeb suav nrog kev siv lub teeb laser muaj zog heev los tsim cov pas dej me me hauv cov khoom puas tsuaj, thaum tib lub sijhawm txhaj cov hmoov hlau tshwj xeeb nrog qhov tseeb. Cov hmoov no yaj tam sim ntawd, sib txuas tag nrho nrog cov khoom siv hauv paus, thiab khov kho los ntawm kev txias sai. Tag nrho cov txheej txheem zoo li "microsurgery" ua tib zoo:
Kev Ntsuas Qhov Chaw Tseeb: Lub teeb laser ua tiav qhov tseeb ntawm qib micron, xaiv cov cheeb tsam puas tsuaj thaum tiv thaiv cov khoom noj qab haus huv, khaws cia qhov ruaj khov thiab lub zog ntawm cov khoom kom zoo tshaj plaws.
Kev Yug Dua Tshiab ntawm Metallurgical: Cov txheej cladding tsim ib qho kev sib txuas hlau nrog lub substrate, ua tiav lub zog sib txuas tshaj 400MPa - dhau qhov kev txau thermal ib txwm muaj (50-100MPa) los ntawm peb qhov tseem ceeb - zoo tshem tawm cov kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev tev tawm txheej.
Kev Ua Tau Zoo: Los ntawm kev xaiv cov hmoov uas sib haum nrog cov hauv paus lossis cov hmoov zoo tshaj (xws li cov hlau sib xyaw kub siab, cov hlau sib xyaw cobalt/nickel uas tiv taus kev hnav, thiab txawm tias cov khoom sib xyaw ua los ntawm cov av nplaum), peb tuaj yeem txhim kho qhov kev tiv taus cua sov, kev tiv taus kev hnav, kev tiv taus xeb, thiab kev tiv taus kev nkees ntawm thaj chaw kho los ntawm kev ua kom zoo tshaj plaws.
Kev kho cov khoom tseem ceeb: kev ua haujlwm zoo dua li "kev hloov pauv"
Kev kho dua tshiab ntawm cov hniav: Kev hnav lossis kev puas tsuaj ntawm cov hniav tuaj yeem ua rau cov qauv aerodynamic tseem ceeb puas tsuaj, ua rau lub cav ua haujlwm tsis zoo. Kev siv laser cladding ua rau kho tau qhov tsis zoo thiab kho cov qauv aerodynamic kom zoo. Cov hmoov tshwj xeeb uas muaj kev tiv taus cua sov zoo dua li cov khoom qub (xws li MCrAlY coatings uas muaj cov oxides av tsawg) tuaj yeem siv tau, ua kom muaj kev tiv taus oxidation kub siab thaum kho hniav. Tom qab kho laser cladding, cov hniav turbine siab los ntawm ib qho qauv tshwj xeeb tau qhia tias muaj zog kub siab dua 10-15% dua li cov hniav tshiab, ua rau lub neej ua haujlwm ntev dua.
Kev Txhim Kho Qhov Nto Ntawm Cov Hniav Iav: Kev tawg, tawg, lossis hnav ntawm cov hniav iav yog cov hom kev ua tsis tiav. Cov thev naus laus zis laser cladding tuaj yeem "loj hlob" ib txheej tuab, siab tawv hnav-resistant (xws li cobalt-based Stellite 6 alloy nrog hardness ncav cuag HRC 40-50) ntawm cov hniav hnav. Cov hniav rov qab kho tsis yog tsuas yog rov qab tau cov qauv hniav meej xwb tab sis feem ntau ua tiav lossis txawm tias dhau qhov kev ua tau zoo ntawm cov khoom tshiab hauv kev tiv thaiv hnav. Cov ntawv thov ua tau qhia tias cov iav aviation kho laser-clad tuaj yeem ua rau lub neej qaug zog ntawm kev sib cuag los ntawm 200% -300%, thaum txo cov suab nrov kis thiab kev co.
Tshaj qhov kho: Kev ua tau zoo dhia thiab tus nqi ntsuab
Tus nqi ntawm laser cladding mus deb tshaj qhov "kho dua tshiab":
Kev txhim kho kev ua tau zoo: Cov txheej txheem kho kuj yog ib lub sijhawm los txhim kho kev ua tau zoo. Los ntawm kev siv cov ntaub ntawv cladding functional gradient lossis nanostructured coatings, cov khoom tuaj yeem muab cov khoom hauv zos dhau ntawm qhov tsim thawj (xws li kev tiv thaiv kev hnav hnyav heev thiab kev tiv thaiv corrosion kub heev).
Kev hloov pauv nqi: Tus nqi ntawm ib qho khoom siv precision (xws li ib lub turbine blade, complex gear) hauv aviation engine feem ntau yog pua pua txhiab yuan. Tus nqi kho laser cladding feem ntau tsuas yog 20% -50% ntawm qhov tshiab, thiab cov txiaj ntsig kev lag luam yog qhov zoo heev.
Qhov zoo ntawm kev voj voog: Piv rau lub sijhawm ntev ntawm kev tsim khoom thiab kev yuav khoom ntawm kev tos cov khoom tshiab, kev kho laser hauv qhov chaw lossis ze ntawm qhov chaw tuaj yeem txo lub sijhawm tsis ua haujlwm ntawm cov khoom siv tseem ceeb ntau dua 70%, ua kom ntseeg tau tias muaj kev npaj txhij rau kev sib ntaus sib tua thiab kev ua haujlwm zoo.
Kev tsim khoom ntsuab: txo qis cov kev siv hluav taws xob ntau xws li kev khawb cov khoom siv raw, kev smelting thiab kev ua tiav, txo cov pa roj carbon dioxide ntawm kev lag luam tsim khoom, thiab haum rau txoj kev txhim kho kev lag luam ntawm kev lag luam aviation.