Kev tshuaj xyuas cov hom khoom siv thiab cov yam ntxwv uas tsim nyog rau kev siv tshuab laser quenching

I. Cov ntaub ntawv hlau (tam sim no yog daim ntawv thov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws)

1. Cov hlau carbon nruab nrab thiab siab (cov ntsiab lus carbon 0.3% ~ 0.8%), cov ntaub ntawv ib txwm muaj:

45 hlau (cov hlau ua los ntawm cov pa roj carbon zoo), uas yog S45C hauv JIS cov qauv, ASTM 1045/080M46, thiab DIN C45, yog cov hlau ua los ntawm cov pa roj carbon zoo tshaj plaws nrog cov tshuaj lom neeg hauv qab no: 0.42-0.50% carbon (C), 0.17-0.37% silicon (Si), 0.50-0.80% manganese (Mn), thiab ≤0.25% chromium (Cr). Cov khoom siv ntau yam no qhia tau tias ua haujlwm tau zoo heev thaum txias/kub, muaj cov khoom siv kho tshuab zoo dua, siv nyiaj tsawg, thiab muaj ntau yam, ua rau nws siv dav hauv kev siv hauv kev lag luam. Txawm li cas los xij, nws qhov kev txwv tseem ceeb yog qhov tsis yooj yim tawv, ua rau nws tsis haum rau kev tsim cov khoom uas xav tau qhov loj ntawm qhov seem lossis cov qauv siab.

T8 hlau: Ib hom hlau eutectoid carbon uas muaj zog thiab tsis yooj yim hnav tom qab quenching thiab tempering, txawm hais tias nws muaj cov kev txwv xws li tsis tshua muaj zog kub, tsis muaj zog hardenability, thiab tsis yooj yim overheating deformation thaum lub sijhawm machining. Cov khoom siv no ua raws li GB/T 1298 series cov qauv, muaj cov pa roj carbon ntawm 0.75% thiab 0.84%, ua rau nws tsim nyog rau kev tsim cov pwm txias-forming yooj yim thiab cov cuab yeej txiav. Cov txheej txheem quenching xav tau dej txias ntawm 780-800 ℃ ° C, thaum tempering saum toj no 250 ℃ ° C ua kom muaj kev ruaj khov ntawm qhov ntev. Txawm li cas los xij, nws tsis pom zoo rau cov ntawv thov uas xav tau kev cuam tshuam load tiv thaiv.

65Mn Hlau: Ib yam khoom siv hlau caij nplooj ntoos hlav uas muaj zog heev tom qab kho cua sov thiab kho kom tawv txias, muab kev ywj pheej zoo thiab kev hloov pauv yooj yim. Nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej zoo sib xws thiab kho kom tawv tag nrho, nws qhov kev txwv kev qaug zog sib xws li cov caij nplooj ntoos hlav tsib xim hlau. Txawm li cas los xij, vim tsis muaj zog tawv, nws feem ntau yog siv rau cov caij nplooj ntoos hlav me me xws li cov caij nplooj ntoos hlav kho siab / tswj ceev, cov caij nplooj ntoos hlav ntsuas lub zog, cov caij nplooj ntoos hlav helical dav dav / rectangular, lossis cov caij nplooj ntoos hlav hlau hlau rau cov tshuab me me. Cov nyhuv tawv: Qhov tawv ntawm qhov chaw ncav cuag 55-65 HRC nrog qhov tob ntawm txheej tawv 0.2 ~ 1.5 hli, muaj cov qauv martensitic sib xws thiab kev tiv thaiv kev hnav zoo dua (piv txwv li, 45 hlau lub neej hnav nce 4-6 zaug tom qab quenching). Haum rau cov iav, pins, thiab cov khoom ntawm lub ncej. Mechanism: Cov pa roj carbon txaus tsim cov martensite ntau, uas dhau los ua austenitization tag nrho thaum lub sijhawm laser cua sov sai thiab ua tiav kev hloov pauv tag nrho los ntawm kev quenching tus kheej txias.

2. Cov hlau ua los ntawm cov hlau sib xyaw (ntxiv Cr, Ni, Mo thiab lwm yam khoom), cov ntaub ntawv ib txwm muaj:

40Cr: (40Cr poob rau hauv qeb ntawm "alloy structural steel" raws li tau txhais hauv GB3077. Cov hlau no muaj 0.37% -0.44% carbon, qis dua me ntsis ntawm 45 steel, nrog rau cov ntsiab lus Si thiab Mn sib piv. Nws muaj 0.80% -1.10% Cr. Hauv cov ntawv thov kub-kub, cov ntsiab lus 1% Cr no tsis muaj txiaj ntsig zoo, vim tias ob qib qhia txog cov khoom siv kho tshuab zoo sib xws. Muab hais tias 40Cr raug nqi kwv yees li ib nrab ntawm 45 steel, kev txiav txim siab txog kev lag luam feem ntau ua rau siv 45 steel hloov chaw thaum ua tau.

35CrMo: 35CrMo yog ib qho kev qhia tshwj xeeb rau cov hlau sib xyaw ua ke (hlau quenched thiab tempered steel), sib xws rau German tus qauv 1.7220, British tus qauv 708A37, Fabkis tus qauv 35CD4, thiab lwm yam, nrog rau kev ua raws li GB/T 3077-2015. Nws muaj cov pa roj carbon sib npaug ntawm 0.72%, tsis zoo weldability xav tau kev ntsuas ua ntej. Cov hlau no muaj lub zog zoo li qub thiab kev cuam tshuam toughness, nrog lub zog tensile ≥985MPa thiab cov zis muaj zog ≥835MPa, muaj peev xwm tiv taus qhov kub thiab txias mus txog 500 ℃. Nws yog qhov tsim nyog rau kev tsim cov khoom siv kho tshuab siab xws li gearboxes, crankshafts, txuas rods, thiab cov pa turbine spindles hauv cov rolling mills.

20CrMnTi: Ib hom hlau uas muaj cov pa roj carbon ntau txog li 0.17% -0.24%, feem ntau siv rau hauv kev tsim khoom siv hauv tsheb rau cov iav kis. Ua ib hom hlau uas muaj cov pa roj carbon nruab nrab (Cr-Mn-Ti), nws muaj peev xwm tawv tau zoo heev thaum tseem muaj zog tiv taus qhov kub thiab txias. Tsim tshwj xeeb rau kev tawv tawv ntawm cov hlau uas muaj cov pa roj carbon, cov hlau no muaj peev xwm ua haujlwm tau zoo heev nrog kev hloov pauv tsawg kawg nkaus thiab tiv taus kev nkees zoo heev. Nws cov ntawv thov tseem ceeb suav nrog kev tsim cov khoom siv ntawm lub ncej, cov khoom siv piston, thiab cov khoom siv tshwj xeeb rau tsheb thiab dav hlau.

Cov nyhuv quenching: Qhov nyuaj tuaj yeem ncav cuag 60 ~ 70 HRC, qhov tob ntawm txheej tawv 0.3 ~ 2 hli, cov khoom sib xyaw ua ke txhim kho qhov tawv thiab tiv taus corrosion (xws li 35CrMo iav tom qab quenching qaug zog lub zog nce 30%).

Lus Cim: Cov ntsiab lus siab ntawm cov hlau nplaum yuav txo qhov kev nqus ntawm lub laser, yog li nws yog qhov tsim nyog los txhim kho qhov kev nqus hluav taws xob los ntawm kev kho kom dub (xws li phosphating thiab txheej).

3. Hlau cam khwb cia (grey cast iron, ductile cast iron), cov ntaub ntawv ib txwm muaj:

HT300: yog ib hom pearlite ntawm lub zog siab grey cam khwb cia hlau, siv lub teb chaws tus qauv GB 9439-88, nws lub npe "HT" sawv cev rau grey cam khwb hlau, "300" qhia tias qhov tsawg kawg nkaus tensile zog ntawm 30 hli txoj kab uas hla kev xeem pas nrig yog 300MPa.

QT600-3: QT600-3 yog hlau pearlitic uas muaj zog nruab nrab thiab siab, muaj zog nruab nrab thiab plasticity, ua haujlwm tau zoo, tiv taus kev co thiab kev co, thiab muaj cov yam ntxwv zoo ntawm cov txheej txheem casting. Nws tuaj yeem hloov nws cov yam ntxwv los ntawm ntau yam kev kho cua sov.

Cov nyhuv quenching: Qhov tawv ntawm qhov chaw tuaj yeem ncav cuag 45 ~ 55 HRC, qhov tob ntawm txheej tawv yog 0.1 ~ 0.8 hli, thiab cov qauv martensite + seem austenite yog tsim nyob ib puag ncig theem graphite, uas ua rau muaj peev xwm tiv thaiv kev sib tsoo (piv txwv li, qhov sib txhuam ntawm cov cuab yeej tshuab qhia kev tsheb ciav hlau tom qab quenching raug txo los ntawm 20%).

II. Cov hlau uas tsis yog hlau thiab lawv cov alloys (cov teb thov tshiab)

1. Titanium alloy (Ti-6Al-4V, thiab lwm yam)

Titanium alloy yog hais txog ntau yam alloys ua los ntawm titanium thiab lwm yam hlau. Titanium yog ib qho tseem ceeb hlau tsim nyob rau hauv xyoo 1950, titanium alloy muaj zog, tiv taus corrosion, thiab kub kub.

Cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev ua kom tawv: Lub laser cua sov txhawb nqa kev tsim cov supersaturated martensite ntawm qhov chaw, thiab qhov nyuaj yog nce ntxiv los ntawm 300 HV txog 500 ~ 600 HV, thaum tswj hwm qhov tawv zoo (haum rau aero-engine hniav txhawb nqa).

  Kev nyuaj siab txog kev siv tshuab: titanium alloy muaj kev cuam tshuam laser siab (kwv yees li 70%), yog li kev kho ua ntej ntawm qhov chaw (xws li sandblasting) lossis ultraviolet laser (wavelength 355nm, kev cuam tshuam qis dua 30%) yuav tsum tau siv.

2. Txhuas hlau (2xxx series, 7xxx series)

Qhov no yog cov khoom siv ua los ntawm txhuas uas muaj cov ntsiab lus ntxiv xws li tooj liab, silicon, magnesium, zinc, thiab manganese. Los ntawm kev hloov kho qhov sib piv ntawm cov ntsiab lus, nws tsim cov koob 1XXX txog 8XXX uas suav nrog cov khoom siv txhuas ntshiab thiab txhuas-tooj ​​liab hauv kev lag luam. Nws lub xeev code system yog raws li tsib lub xeev tseem ceeb suav nrog F (kev ua haujlwm dawb) thiab O (annealing), nrog rau cov lej ntxaws xws li T6 uas ua rau muaj kev tswj hwm qhov muaj zog thiab cov khoom tiv taus corrosion.

Lub tshuab ua kom sov: Qhov kev txhim kho cov khoom khov kho tau ua tiav los ntawm kev ua kom sov sai ntawm laser, thiab cov theem metastable precipitated yog tsim tom qab nws tus kheej txias (piv txwv li, qhov nyuaj ntawm 7075 txhuas alloy nce ntxiv ntawm 150 HV txog 220 HV tom qab quenching).

Cov kev txwv ntawm daim ntawv thov: Aluminium alloy muaj cov thermal conductivity zoo (thermal conductivity yog li 200 W / m K), xav tau laser zog siab (≥2 kW) kom ntseeg tau tias muaj cua sov zoo, thiab nws yooj yim los tsim cov thermal stress deformation.

3. Cov hlau sib xyaw ua ke (tooj dag, tooj liab)

Qhov no yog ib qho hlau ua los ntawm tooj liab ntshiab nrog ib lossis ntau yam ntxiv. Kev Siv: Kev ua kom tawv ntawm cov khoom siv uas tsis yooj yim hnav (piv txwv li, cov kabmob, cov li qub). Tom qab laser quenching, qhov chaw ua rau muaj cov qauv nanocrystalline, ua rau tawv ntxiv li ntawm 15% txog 30%. Txawm li cas los xij, yuav tsum tswj qhov kub thiab txias kom tiv thaiv kev mos ntawm cov tooj liab matrix.

III. Cov Khoom Siv Tshwj Xeeb

1. Cov Khoom Siv Hmoov Hlau (piv txwv li, cov khoom siv hlau ua los ntawm hlau thiab tooj liab) Qhov Zoo: Cov qauv porous tuaj yeem khaws cov roj lubricating, nrog rau qhov chaw ua denser tom qab laser quenching. Qhov nyuaj nce ntxiv ntawm 20-30 HRC mus rau 50-55 HRC, ua rau lawv haum rau cov bearings nws tus kheej lubricating.

2. Cov Khoom Siv Txheej Txheem Nto (piv txwv li, cov txheej txheej thermal spray thiab cov txheej cladding) Cov Kev Siv Ib Txwm Muaj: Tom qab laser quenching ntawm WC-Co coatings txau rau ntawm cov hlau carbon, ib qho "martensite matrix + cemented carbide phase" composite qauv tau tsim, ua tiav qhov nyuaj tshaj 1000 HV. Cov ntaub ntawv no yog siv rau hauv cov khoom siv tiv taus hnav ntawm cov tshuab mining.

IV. Cov ntaub ntawv tsis haum rau laser quenching

Cov hlau uas muaj cov pa roj carbon tsawg (cov pa roj carbon Vim tsis muaj cov pa roj carbon txaus, qhov kev hloov pauv martensitic tsawg heev, ua rau muaj cov teebmeem tawv tsis zoo (qhov nyuaj nce

Cov hlau tsis xeb austenitic ntshiab (piv txwv li, 316L): Tsis muaj peev xwm hloov pauv martensitic. Kev cua sov laser tsuas yog ua rau kev ua haujlwm tawv nrog kev txhim kho qhov nyuaj tsawg (kwv yees li 15% -20%).